Household Air Pollution: A Significant Health Concern for Young Children

When we think of air pollution, we often picture outdoor sources like factory emissions, vehicle exhaust, or smog. However, the truth is that we spend most of our time indoors, especially our children in KSA. They eat, play, and sleep indoors, constantly breathing the air in our houses. Did you know that indoor air pollution could be making our children sick? Indoor air pollution significantly impacts children more than adults due to their ongoing respiratory system development and their higher intake of air relative to their body weight.

How clean is the air in our home?

Indoor air pollutants, being both invisible and odorless, are often referred to as "unknown enemies." Research indicates that although children spend time indoors both at schools and homes, homes harbor a higher concentration of indoor air pollutants. In fact, studies have found that 88% of total air pollutants are present in homes. The bedroom environment is particularly concerning, as it presents the highest exposure to and inhalation of indoor air pollution. This accounts for 56% (in the 3–12 age group) and 64% (in the 12–18 age group) of the daily inhaled pollutants.

Impact of household air pollution on children’s health and well-being

According to the World Health Organization, in 2019, a staggering 99% of the global population resided in areas where the air quality was deemed unhealthy, posing a significant risk to children’s health and development. Children are particularly vulnerable to air pollution due to several reasons. Their rapid breathing rate means they inhale more air compared to adults, relative to their body weight. Moreover, they often spend more time closer to the ground, where certain pollutants accumulate at higher concentrations. Here are the primary health issues children face from breathing polluted indoor air in our homes:

Unfortunately, our children frequently suffer from these illnesses without realizing that the root cause could be the polluted air they breathe inside our homes. UNICEF states that almost half of all deaths in children under 5 years of age due to lower respiratory tract infections are caused by particulate matter from household air pollution.

Causes of household air pollution

The major sources of household air pollution include:

• Fuel-burning appliances
• Construction and paint products
• Smoking
• Inadequate ventilation
• Dust and dust mites
• Carpets and Rugs - Carpets and rugs can harbor a multitude of pollutants and allergens, such as dust mites, pet dander, mold spores, pesticides, dirt, and dust. Moreover, toxic gases in the air can cling to small particles that settle into carpets, exacerbating indoor air pollution.
• Pests such as cockroaches - Cockroaches can exacerbate asthma and trigger allergic reactions in individuals who are sensitive to them.
• Pet dander
• Excess moisture and water leaks - Excessive indoor moisture can lead to mold growth and provide a breeding ground for dust mites, cockroaches, bacteria, and viruses.
• Unclean furniture - Your bedding, mattresses, upholstered furniture, carpets, and curtains can harbor hundreds of thousands of allergens, contributing to indoor air pollution.
• Poorly maintained HVAC system - Over time, air conditioners accumulate bacteria and dust, which can be released into the home environment when the AC is turned on.
• Household cleaning chemicals
• Chemicals in personal care products
• Outdoor pollution - Outdoor air pollutants and allergens can readily infiltrate buildings through open doors and windows, as well as hitching rides on shoes, clothing, and pets, further contributing to indoor air pollution.

Protecting our children: How to reduce indoor air pollution?

To safeguard the health and well-being of our children, it's crucial to manage sources of indoor air pollution effectively. While some measures like avoiding smoking, minimizing indoor fuel burning are within our control, and making eco-friendly choices in building materials and household products, addressing more complex issues may necessitate professional intervention.

While regular home cleaning and dusting are essential for surface cleanliness, deep cleaning by professionals targets hidden allergens and pollutants in overlooked areas. Professional cleaning of upholstery, mattresses, carpets, and curtains removes dust, allergens, and microbes, maintaining a healthier indoor environment.

When it comes to pest control in KSA, DIY methods may seem convenient or cost-effective but often lack effectiveness. Professional pest control services utilize expertise, tools, and eco-friendly solutions to eradicate pests thoroughly and prevent future infestations.

Regular maintenance and cleaning of air conditioners are vital to improving indoor air quality. Annual servicing ensures optimal performance and minimizes the release of accumulated bacteria and dust into the air.

It's crucial to fix any water leaks at home, remain vigilant about mold growth, and promptly seek the help of professionals to remove it completely.

Ensuring a clean and healthy home environment for our children in KSA involves obtaining a precise assessment of indoor air quality by periodically testing the air in your home. Understanding the primary indoor air pollutants empowers us to make informed decisions and effectively address household air pollution.

Monitoring indoor air quality through periodic testing provides an accurate assessment and empowers informed decision-making to mitigate household air pollution effectively.

By understanding and managing primary indoor air pollutants, we can create a cleaner, healthier home environment that supports the well-being of our children.